Which control method does NOT fall under the category of environmental management for diseases?

The method of applying fungicides does not fall under the category of environmental management for diseases because it involves the use of chemical agents to directly control pathogens. Environmental management focuses on practices that alter the conditions within the environment to reduce the incidence and severity of diseases without the use of chemicals. This can include practices such as reducing irrigation to prevent overly wet conditions that favor disease development, increasing crop rotation to disrupt disease cycles, and improving soil drainage to enhance conditions for healthy plant growth. These strategies aim to create a less favorable environment for pathogens, promoting healthier crops naturally. Therefore, while fungicides can be effective in controlling diseases, they represent a chemical control method, setting them apart from environmentally focused management techniques.